We found that the concentrations of Fe, Zn, V, Cu, and Mn (industry-related metals) were higher at the industrial site (Kaohsiung) and Ba, Cr, Ni, Mo, and Co (traffic-related metals) were higher at the urban site (Taipei). The rural site (Hualian) had good air quality, with low PM2.5 and metal concentrations. Most metal concentrations were higher during the cold season for all study sites, except for the rural.

Indium tin oxide exposure poses a potential health risk, but the exposure assessment in occupational setting remains incomplete and continues to be a significant challenge. The varying levels of relationship noted between indium exposure and the levels of P–In and U–In among workers with different work types suggested that setting the exposure limits among different work types is warranted.

In 2018, bladder and kidney cancers were the 14th and 17th leading causes of global cancer mortality, respectively. Our aim was to investigate the association between arsenic exposure, DNA damage, and the incidence of bladder and kidney cancers.

The results of the present work provide evidence that living near petrochemical industrial parks (PIPs) during pregnancy would increase the risk of premature rupture of membranes (PROM), and additional studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

These results provided evidence that exposure to nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2, and CNTs may lead to lipid peroxidation in EBC. For routine biomonitoring purposes, this finding, which came through non-invasive methods, may be useful for workers exposed to nanomaterials (NMs).

Club cells play an important role in maintaining lung homeostasis and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is known to be important in xenobiotic metabolism, but its role in regulating club cells is currently unknown. Under the condition of pulmonary inflammation, AhR is critical in controlling lung club cell homeostasis via targeting Notch1 signaling and the generation of anti-inflammatory mediators.